Crew appliance concepts. Volume 2, appendix B: Shuttle orbiter appliances supporting engineering data

Technical data collected for the food management and personal hygiene appliances considered for the shuttle orbiter are presented as well as plotted and tabulated trade study results for each appliance. Food storage, food operation, galley cleanup, waste collection/transfer, body cleansing, and personal grooming were analyzed

Crew appliance concepts. Volume 4, appendix C: Modular space station appliances supporting engineering data

Data collected for the appliances considered for the space station are presented along with plotted and tabulated trade study results for each appliance. The food management, and personal hygiene data are applicable to a six-man mission of 180-days

Crew appliance study

Viable crew appliance concepts were identified by means of a thorough literature search. Studies were made of the food management, personal hygiene, housekeeping, and off-duty habitability functions to determine which concepts best satisfy the Space Shuttle Orbiter and Modular Space Station mission requirements. Models of selected appliance concepts not currently included in the generalized environmental-thermal control and life support systems computer program were developed and validated. Development plans of selected concepts were generated for future reference. A shuttle freezer conceptual design was developed and a test support activity was provided for regenerative environmental control life support subsystems

Nonlinear Competition Between Small and Large Hexagonal Patterns

Recent experiments by Kudrolli, Pier and Gollub on surface waves, parametrically excited by two-frequency forcing, show a transition from a small hexagonal standing wave pattern to a triangular ``superlattice'' pattern. We show that generically the hexagons and the superlattice wave patterns bifurcate simultaneously from the flat surface state as the forcing amplitude is increased, and that the experimentally-observed transition can be described by considering a low-dimensional bifurcation problem. A number of predictions come out of this general analysis.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, revised, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Self-consistent mean field MHD

We consider the linear stability of two-dimensional nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic basic states to long-wavelength three-dimensional perturbations. Following Hughes & Proctor (2009a), the 2D basic states are obtained from a specific forcing function in the presence of an initially uniform mean field of strength $\mathcal{B}$. By extending to the nonlinear regime the kinematic analysis of Roberts (1970), we show that it is possible to predict the growth rate of these perturbations by applying mean field theory to \textit{both} the momentum and the induction equations. If $\mathcal{B}=0$, these equations decouple and large-scale magnetic and velocity perturbations may grow via the kinematic $\alpha$-effect and the AKA instability respectively. However, if $\mathcal{B} \neq 0$, the momentum and induction equations are coupled by the Lorentz force; in this case, we show that four transport tensors are now necessary to determine the growth rate of the perturbations. We illustrate these situations by numerical examples; in particular, we show that a mean field description of the nonlinear regime based solely on a quenched $\alpha$ coefficient is incorrect.Comment: Submitted to Proc R. Soc., 22/07/09 Accepted subject to minor revisions, 11/08/09. Revised version resubmitted, 25/09/0

Failure tolerant teleoperation of a kinematically redundant manipulator: an experimental study

Includes bibliographical references (page 765).Teleoperated robots in harsh environments have a significant likelihood of failures. It has been shown in previous work that a common type of failure such as that of a joint "locking up," when unidentified by the robot controller, can cause considerable performance degradation in the local behavior of the manipulator even for simple point-to-point motion tasks. The effects of a failure become more critical for a system with a human in the loop, where unpredictable behavior of the robotic arm can completely disorient the operator. In this experimental study involving teleoperation of a graphically simulated kinematically redundant manipulator, two control schemes, the pseudoinverse and a proposed failure-tolerant inverse, were randomly presented under both nonfailure and failure scenarios to a group of operators. Based on performance measures derived from the recorded trajectory data and operator ratings of task difficulty, it is seen that the failure-tolerant inverse kinematic control scheme improved the performance of the human/robot system